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HISTORY
INTRODUCTION
THE EARLY YEARS
RADIATION THERAPY
THE NUCLEAR AGE
AFTER THE RETIREMENT OF DR. HODGES
THE KURT ROSSMANN LABORATORIES
GRADUATE PROGRAMS IN MEDICAL PHYSICS
LEADERSHIP AFTER DR. MOSELEY
OVERVIEW
AN OVERVIEW

From the establishment of a hospital and medical school at the University of Chicago to the present day, faculty have been challenged by the ethos of the university and by successive deans not only to practice medicine at its highest levels, but also to advance medical knowledge by engaging in clinical and basic research. The department of radiology has met and continues to meet these expectations. Devices as fundamental to the practice of radiology as the phototimer, automatic collimation, spot-film devices, and automated film-identification systems were developed and first built in the department's machine shops. Technetium-99m, a cornerstone of contemporary nuclear medicine, and collimators designed specifically for its use were first introduced by departmental faculty. Clinical contributions include publications that revolutionized gastrointestinal radiology, the examination of the inner ear, and introduced transbronchial biopsy. Work of Moseley, Rust, and their colleagues focused attention on the reduction of radiation exposure, whereas Rossmann and his successors have made fundamental contributions to improving the radiologic image. Members of the Department of Radiology at the University of Chicago also became leaders in industry, a notable example being William Angus of Philips Medical Systems [8]. These traditions are maintained by the current faculty, both basic scientists and clinicians. Each year, senior medical students at the University of Chicago determine by ballot the 20 or so faculty whose teaching was most distinguished during their years in medical school. The records are incomplete but members of the department's faculty have been nominated for this honor at least 47 times in the last 54 years, and both John Fennessy and Nels Strandjord have been recipients of the McClintock Award for Outstanding Teaching in the Medical School. All of the department's faculty share the commitment to excellence in clinical medicine, research and teaching, that motivated its founder, Paul C. Hodges.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
It is a pleasure to acknowledge the many colleagues who gave freely of their time and talent in preparing this manuscript.
Special thanks are due to John Fennessy, Charles Metz, Kunio Doi, Robert Beck, and particularly to Paul Hodges, whose remarkable career and contributions have meant so much to our department and the specialty of radiology.
I would also like to thank Bernadette Brogan and Nancy Riesterer for their never ending administrative support.

REFERENCES
Urist MR. Phoenix of physiology and medicine: Franklin Chambers McLean. Perspec Biol Med 1975;19:23-58
Morgan RH. An exposure meter for roentgenography. AJR 1942;47:777-784
Hodges PC, Morgan RH. Photoelectric timing in general roentgenography. AJR 1945;53:474-482
Hodges PC. Development of diagnostic X-ray apparatus during the first fifty years. Radiology 1945;45:438-448
Hodges PC. Radiology in the seventh decade. AJR 1955;74:973-976
Templeton F. X-ray examination of the stomach, a description of the roentgenologic anatomy, physiology and pathology of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1944
Hodges PC. Autobiography of Paul Hodges. Perspec Biol Med 1973;17:17-66
Angus WM. A commentary on the development of diagnostic imaging technology. RadioGraphics 1989;9:1225-1244
AJR 1995; 164:245-252 0361-803X/95/1641-245 © American Roentgen Ray Society

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